Nevado del Ruiz volcano in central Colombia, 130 km WNW of Bogota, is a broad, glacier covered volcano. “Nevado” means “snow-capped.” It’s one of the northernmost volcanoes in the Andean Volcanic Belt, a volcano chain running along the western coast of South America. Armero was not rebuilt because the old lahar traces were discovered, and Colombian government declared the site "holy ground" so that no one would ever suffer again like Armero.In April 2008, the Nevado del Huila volcano erupted, and thousands were evacuated. Flowing mixtures of water, ice, pumice and other rock debris poured off the summit and sides of the volcano, forming “lahars” that flooded into the river valleys surrounding Ruiz. In response to the eruption, the USGS Volcano Crisis Assistance Team was formed in 1986, and the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program.The volcano erupted again in 1988 and 1991.The destruction wrought by the 1985 eruption was partially due to the fact that scientists vacillated over whether or not to evacuate the area. The 1–kilometer wide, 240–meter deep Arenas crater currently occupies the summit. The Nevado del Ruiz had been a dormant picture-esq mountain in the region for so long, the idea of an eruption seemed fantasy. The modern cone consists of a wide cluster of lava domes produced within the summit caldera of an ancient Ruiz cum.
Colombia’s government felt that specific agencies warning of the potential for eruption were raising unnecessary fears.
Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long period earthquakes had occurred. According to Chouet, "the volcano was screaming 'I'm about to explode'," but scientists at the time doubted his theory.The volcano’s summit and upper flanks are covered by several glaciers that appear as a white mass surrounding the Arenas crater. A relatively small eruption in 1985 caused a devastating mud flow that killed almost 25,000 people in the town of Armero, marking one of the worst volcanic disasters in history. Hundreds of these eruptions have had huge evacuation numbers for similar reasons.The lahars destroyed many houses and towns. Within four hours of the eruption, the lahars traveled over 60 miles, killing more than 23,000 people, injuring over 5,000, and destroying more than 5,000 homes. Nevado del Ruiz, the highest active volcano in the Andes Mountains of Colombia, suffers a mild eruption that generates a series of lava flows and surges over the … Due to this, the warnings were not sufficient enough to move people out of harm’s way. "Armero was located in the center of this photograph, taken late November 1985.The disaster gained some major international notoriety due in part to a photograph taken by photographer Frank Fournier, of a young girl named Omayra Sánchez who was trapped beneath rubble for three days before she died. Dr. Stanley Williams of Louisiana University said that following the eruption, "With the possible exception of Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington, no other volcano in the Western Hemisphere is being watched so elaborately. If you are ever hiking or camping in an area which begins to have a significant amount of seismic activity, don’t hesitate to leave until safety is confirmed and err on the side of caution. Three major edifices, composed of andesitic and dacitic lavas and andesitic pyroclastics, have built up since the beginning of the Pleistocene. The volcano is part of the Ruiz-Tolima volcanic massif (or Cordillera Central), a group of five different icy stratovolcanoes.Summit of Nevado del Ruiz in late November 1985Survivors who fled to other towns in the area were gradually housed in new government schemes. The eruption caused an estimated 23,000 deaths, 5,000 injuries, and destroyed more than 5,000 homes. Nevado del Ruiz, the highest active volcano in the Andes Mountains of Colombia, suffers a mild eruption that generates a series of lava flows and surges over the volcano’s broad ice-covered summit. Sadly, this tragedy could have been easily avoided if clear warnings by volcanologists had been taken seriously. Habitants were also told to stay inside and avoid the falling ash, not thinking the mudflows would bury them.
The people in Armero assumed that because the volcano had not erupted in 100 years, it had no reason to erupt so abruptly.
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