The Soviets had a lot of catching up to do. Radioactive waste produced from spent nuclear fuel was stored underground, but when the site ran out of space, instead of halting production until new underground facilities could be built, the highly radioactive material was dumped into the slow-moving Techa River, which was used by more than a hundred thousand people living in communities downriver. According to research of the Mayak experts in the case of the dam destruction radioactive water will reach the Muslyumovo village in 8 hours.(...) It was hushed up by officials for more than three decades.These reports were, however, in the eyes of the scientific community nothing more than hearsay. Although the existence of a vast contaminated area was confirmed by a report prepared by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, no concrete evidence was found that the contamination was caused by a nuclear accident.
The existing reality shows that transportation of spent nuclear fuel and fuel assemblies from submarines to another region is just a relocation of problems and it can not be a proper solution.Spent nuclear fuel is still transported to Mayak and radionuclides are continuously released into water bodies of the Techa cascade. The most notable accident, the so-called “Kyshtym disaster” happened on 29 September 1957, when the cooling system of one of the waste storage tanks failed but went undetected until the tank exploded with a force equivalent to about 70 tons of TNT. It resulted in increase of radiation background in the Techa River, dreadful environment contamination and threat to life of the residential population not only in Chelyabinsk, but, also in the neighbouring Kurgansk region.
Unlike Chernobyl, it has received very little attention.
People were warned that it was prohibited to use the water from the river and they had to tend their cattle in another place.The managers of the enterprise knew that any remedial actions would have to be taken under conditions of high radiation but they silently reconciled themselves to possible victims. A large number of people were involved in the accident mitigation process acting manually without even elementary means of protection.Residents of the Muslyumovo village have a humiliatingly meager compensation. There is the Karachay Lake on the territory of Mayak which is used for open-air storage of liquid radioactive wastes. The government uses the poverty of the aggrieved village to tie the people to the contaminated land. On September 29, 1957, a nuclear waste storage container exploded, exposing 22 villages to dangerous radiation levels.
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